Assessment StatementsTopic 10: Organic chemistry 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Describe the features of a homologous series. 10.1.2 Predict and explain the trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series. 10.1.3 Distinguish between empirical, molecular and structural formulas. 10.1.4 Describe structural isomers as compounds with the same molecular formula but with different arrangements of atoms. 10.1.5 Deduce structural formulas for the isomers of the non-cyclic alkanes up to C 6 . 10.1.6 Apply IUPAC rules for naming the isomers of the non-cyclic alkanes up to C 6 . 10.1.7 Deduce structural formulas for the isomers of the straight-chain alkenes up to C 6 . 10.1.8 Apply IUPAC rules for naming the isomers of the straight-chain alkenes up to C 6 . 10.1.9 Deduce structural formulas for compounds containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid and halide. 10.1.10 Apply IUPAC rules for naming compounds containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid and halide. 10.1.11 Identify the following functional groups when present in structural formulas: amino (NH 2 ), benzene ring and esters (RCOOR). 10.1.12 Identify primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms in alcohols and halogenoalkanes. 10.1.13 Discuss the volatility and solubility in water of compounds containing the functional groups listed in 10.1.9. 10.2 Alkanes 10.2.1 Explain the low reactivity of alkanes in terms of bond enthalpies and bond polarity. 10.2.2 Describe, using equations, the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes. 10.2.3 Describe, using equations, the reactions of methane and ethane with chlorine and bromine. 10.2.4 Explain the reactions of methane and ethane with chlorine and bromine in terms of a free-radical mechanism. 10.3 Alkenes 10.3.1 Describe, using equations, the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen and halogens. 10.3.2 Describe, using equations, the reactions of symmetrical alkenes with hydrogen halides and water. 10.3.3 Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes using bromine water. 10.3.4 Outline the polymerization of alkenes. 10.3.5 Outline the economic importance of the reactions of alkenes. 10.4 Alcohols 10.4.1 Describe, using equations, the complete combustion of alcohols. 10.4.2 Describe, using equations, the oxidation reactions of alcohols. 10.4.3 Determine the products formed by the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. 10.5 Halogenalkanes 10.5.1 Describe, using equations, the substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes with sodium hydroxide. 10.5.2 Explain the substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes with sodium hydroxide in terms of S N 1 and S N 2 mechanisms. 10.6 Reaction Pathways 10.6.1 Deduce reaction pathways given the starting materials and the product. |
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