Topic 14 Organic chemistry
Topic Content
14.1 Names of compounds
Name and draw the structures of alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids containing up to 4 carbon atoms
Know the type of compound present from its name ending or a molecular structure.
Name and draw the structures of alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids containing up to 4 carbon atoms
Know the type of compound present from its name ending or a molecular structure.
14.2 Fuels
Name the fuels coal, natural gas and petroleum. Know that methane is the main constituent of natural gas.
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons and its separation into useful fractions by fractional distillation.
Know the following uses of the fractions:
refinery gas for bottled gas; gasoline for petrol in cars; naphtha for making chemicals; kerosene/paraffin for jet fuel; diesel oil for
diesel engines; fuel oil for fuels for ships and home heating; lubricating oil for lubricants, waxes and polishes; bitumen for making roads
Name the fuels coal, natural gas and petroleum. Know that methane is the main constituent of natural gas.
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons and its separation into useful fractions by fractional distillation.
Know the following uses of the fractions:
refinery gas for bottled gas; gasoline for petrol in cars; naphtha for making chemicals; kerosene/paraffin for jet fuel; diesel oil for
diesel engines; fuel oil for fuels for ships and home heating; lubricating oil for lubricants, waxes and polishes; bitumen for making roads
14.3 Homologous seriesUnderstand that an homologous series is a group of compounds with similar properties because they have the same functional group
The general characteristics of homologous series.
What is structural isomerism and how to identify it.
The general characteristics of homologous series.
What is structural isomerism and how to identify it.
14.4 AlkanesThe properties and bonding of alkanes, that they are generally unreactive except for burning.
The substitution reactions of alkanes with chlorine
The substitution reactions of alkanes with chlorine
14.5 AlkenesThe manufacture of alkenes and hydrogen from cracking
The distinction between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons in molecular structure and reaction with aqueous bromine.
The addition reactions of alkenes with bromine, steam and hydrogen.
The formation of addition polymers such as poly(ethene)
The distinction between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons in molecular structure and reaction with aqueous bromine.
The addition reactions of alkenes with bromine, steam and hydrogen.
The formation of addition polymers such as poly(ethene)
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14.6 Alcohols
The formation of ethanol by fermentation and by the addition of steam to ethene in the presence of a catalyst
Burning of ethanol, its use as fuel and a solvent
The formation of ethanol by fermentation and by the addition of steam to ethene in the presence of a catalyst
Burning of ethanol, its use as fuel and a solvent
14.7 Acids
The physical properties of aqueous ethanoic acid
The formation of ethanoic acid by oxidation of ethanol by fermentation and with acidified potassium manganate (VII).
Ethanoic acid acts as a weak acid
The reaction of ethanoic acid with ethanol to make the ester ethyl ethanoate
The physical properties of aqueous ethanoic acid
The formation of ethanoic acid by oxidation of ethanol by fermentation and with acidified potassium manganate (VII).
Ethanoic acid acts as a weak acid
The reaction of ethanoic acid with ethanol to make the ester ethyl ethanoate
14.8 Macromolecules
Macromolecules (polymers)are large molecules built from small units called monomers. Different macromolecules have different units and/or linkages
There are natural and synthetic polymers.
The uses of the synthetic polymers in plastics and fibres.
The pollution problems caused by non-biodegradable plastics
Determine the structure of a polymer from its alkene monomer and vice versa.
The formation of nylon (a polyamide) and Terylene (a polyester) by condensation polymerisation
Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are the main constituents of food.
Proteins are natural polyamides and have the same linkage as nylon but with different units.
Proteins are hydrolysis into amino acids
Fats are esters with the same linkage as terylene but with different units.
Soap is formed from the hydrolysis of fats
Complex carbohydrates are made up of sugar units joined by condensation polymerization
Carbohydrates such as starch are hydrolyzed by acids to give simple sugars.
The use of chromatography in separating and identifying the products of hydrolysis of carbohydrates and proteins
Macromolecules (polymers)are large molecules built from small units called monomers. Different macromolecules have different units and/or linkages
There are natural and synthetic polymers.
The uses of the synthetic polymers in plastics and fibres.
The pollution problems caused by non-biodegradable plastics
Determine the structure of a polymer from its alkene monomer and vice versa.
The formation of nylon (a polyamide) and Terylene (a polyester) by condensation polymerisation
Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are the main constituents of food.
Proteins are natural polyamides and have the same linkage as nylon but with different units.
Proteins are hydrolysis into amino acids
Fats are esters with the same linkage as terylene but with different units.
Soap is formed from the hydrolysis of fats
Complex carbohydrates are made up of sugar units joined by condensation polymerization
Carbohydrates such as starch are hydrolyzed by acids to give simple sugars.
The use of chromatography in separating and identifying the products of hydrolysis of carbohydrates and proteins
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Learning resources:
Interactive lesson on products from oil:
http://inteleducationresources.intel.co.uk/content/keystage4/chemistry/pc/lessons/uk_ks4_oil_products/h-frame-ns6.htm
Why fractional distillation works
http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=11k&att=2693
Uses of crude oil (petroleum): http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=11o&att=2701
Burning oil fractions: http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=11n&att=2699
Polymerising ethene: http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=11s&att=2709
Cracking: http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=11p&att=2703
Now go to absorb learning
http://www.absorblearning.com/chemistry/contents.html
Log in
Username: student18951
Password: science
Other organic chemistry section - alcohols,reactions of alcohols and isomers.
The section on crude oil is good if you need more of that
Making nylon: http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=1tk&att=4125
Keywords: Topic 14 Organic chemistry
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